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OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to examine trends in postpartum glucose screening for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), predictors of screening, trends in postpartum impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes, and diabetes and pre-diabetes detected by postpartum fasting plasma glucose (FPG) versus a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - This was a cohort study of 14,448 GDM pregnancies delivered between 1995 and 2006. Postpartum screening was defined as performance of either an FPG or OGTT at least 6 weeks after delivery and within 1 year of delivery.
RESULTS - Between 1995 and 2006, the age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted proportion of women who were screened postpartum rose from 20.7% (95% CI 17.8-23.5) to 53.8% (51.3-56.3). Older age, Asian or Hispanic race/ethnicity, higher education, earlier GDM diagnosis, use of diabetes medications during pregnancy, and more provider contacts after delivery were independent predictors of postpartum screening. Obesity and higher parity were independently associated with lower screening performance. Among women who had postpartum screening, the age- and race/ethnicity-adjusted proportion of IFG did not change over time (24.2 [95% CI 20.0-27.8] in 1995-1997 to 24.3 [22.6-26.0] in 2004-2006), but the proportion of women with diabetes decreased from 6.1 (95% CI 4.2-8.1) in 1995-1997 to 3.3 (2.6-4.0) in 2004-2006. Among women who received an OGTT in 2006, 38% of the 204 women with either diabetes or pre-diabetes were identified only by the 2-h glucose measurements.
CONCLUSIONS - Postpartum screening has increased over the last decade, but it is still suboptimal. Compared with FPGs alone, the 2-h values identify a higher proportion of women with diabetes or pre-diabetes amenable to intervention.
Diabetes Care 32:269-274, 2009
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intoler- ance with onset of or first recogni- tion during pregnancy. Postpartum diabetes screening may detect diabetes that preceded pregnancy and therefore enable early treatment of hyperglycemia, reducing the risk of adverse fetal out- comes in subsequent pregnancies (1) and maternal microvascular complications (2). Screening can also identify women who might benefit from diabetes prevention interventions (3,4).
Performance rates of postpartum diabetes screening have been low (5-7), but screening performance may have changed recently. At present, only one populationbased report has examined postpartum diabetes screening practices, and this report examined...