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Abstract
The poorly defined Cow Head complex existed during the Early Recent Indian period in Newfoundland and Labrador (2000–800 BP). It was previously dated 2000–1600 BP and was thought to be descendant from Newfoundland and Labrador's earliest occupants—the Maritime Archaic Indian tradition—and ancestral to the Beaches complex, which is the prehistoric Beothuk. This thesis challenges these hypotheses and demonstrates that the Cow Head complex occupation of Newfoundland occurred between 2000–1100 BP, co-existed with other complexes, and may have its origins in the province of Quebec, rather than in Newfoundland and Labrador.