This research explores the perspectives of Hmong grandparents who are raising their grandchildren. This multiple case study focused on the experiences of Hmong grandparents' raising their grandchildren in Laos, Thailand, and the United States. A total of five Hmong grandparents were interviewed. Three significant themes emerged from a qualitative analysis of the participants' narratives: (1) Cultural identity, (2) The core valuing of education, and (3) The experience of helplessness. Many criteria were identified as needing further study in this population, which is especially challenging due to the lack of formal education, language barriers, and the demands involved in the transition from a third-world country to a technological society.
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