Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine and expand sociometer theory through a communication perspective. Sociometer theory posits from an evolutionary standpoint that self-esteem functions to regulate our pervasive need to belong. Due to the theory's psychological origins, the role of communication in the sociometric process has yet to be thoroughly discussed and analyzed. Therefore, the current study attempted to explore how communication influences the sociometer. More specifically, it was hypothesized that channel would moderate the impact of relational value cues on state self-esteem. In addition, cue ambiguity and positive face salience were examined as potential mediators of the aforementioned moderation.

One hundred and eighty two individuals (n = 182) participated in an experiment that tested the main principles of sociometer theory and the proposed hypotheses in a unique way. Extant sociometer research largely measured the impact of relational value cues on self-esteem by having participants imagine situations involving interpersonal acceptance. After which, the participants would be instructed to report how a given appraisal would make the individual feel. In contrast, the current study tested sociometer theory and the influence of channel in a more realistic setting. Participants were interviewed either in a face-to-face setting or via instant messenger and were asked questions that promoted self disclosure surrounding how they were affiliated with the current University they attended. After a brief five-minute conversation, the participants were given a positive or neutral appraisal. At no time during the experiment were the participants sensitized to the fact that they would receive an appraisal nor were they instructed to focus on how the appraisal made them feel.

Although the hypotheses initially were not fully supported, valuable insight and partial support for examining channel, cue ambiguity, and positive face salience was obtained through post hoc analysis. Overall the study provides an alternative examination of sociometer theory and an impetus for future research exploring the role of communication in the sociometric process.