This dissertation provides empirical support for the assumption made by the Comprehension-based Linked Model of Deliberate Search (CoLiDeS) that users parse a webpage into 5 to 10 schematic objects. More importantly, we provide strong evidence that people's search is greatly facilitated by (a) use of graphic conventions, and (b) the individual's expectations of where the web object is typically located. Both speed and accuracy measures showed widgets, that is, clickable web objects, with conventional graphic elements, such as the search engine and drop down menu, were easier to locate than typical text widgets. For example, users respond faster and more accurately when searching for the search engine than for the privacy statement link. We conclude that models designed to assess website usability, such as the Cognitive Walkthrough for the Web (CWW), must be extended to address the effects of visual-spatial elements of webpage design.
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