There is an orthodox theory that education correlates positively with development. It is also universally believed that universities are most instrumental in the development of nations. The study was therefore designed to investigate the relationship between higher educational recommendations and the actual practice in Nigerian universities since Nigeria remains underdeveloped despite the presence of those universities.
The methodology involved three steps. First, relevant literature on the role of (higher) education in development was reviewed. Secondly, policies and recommendations made by the Nigerian government since 1960 to make the universities more effective in national development were reviewed. The recommendations regard: high-level manpower production; science-based versus arts-based programs; African studies; medical, agricultural, teacher education and engineering programs; assessment of student performance; and research. Thirdly, the recommendations were compared with the actual practice in Nigeria's five oldest universities as stated in their Calendars (Bulletins) for 1970 and approximately 1980 to see the changes occurring as the universities attempt to comply with recommendations. Roughly 50 percent compliance was found.
It was concluded that the major reasons why the universities have not been fully effective in the national development of Nigeria are: (1) There is an underproduction of graduates, especially scientists, at the first and higher degree levels. (2) University research is virtually extinct. (3) Excessive political intervention in higher education results in proliferation of small, weak institutions. (4) The universities are understaffed. (5) Shortage of funds makes it impossible for the universities to perform their duties.
I, therefore, recommended that: (1) Entrance examination into the universities be eliminated. (2) Undergraduate tuition charges be reintroduced to enable those who can pay to participate in university education. (3) Recurrent grants by the government be converted into loans and scholarships for students who need support. (4) A one-year tuition-free science program be developed for students with arts backgrounds who desire degrees in the sciences. (5) Graduate studies remain tuition-free. (6) Stipends be paid to graduate students in the areas most needed by the nation. (7) Second Class Lower Division graduates be allowed to participate in graduate studies. (8) Research grants cease to be given directly to the universities and a National Research Council be created to coordinate university reseach.
